ZrB2-SiC-Csf超高温陶瓷复合材料碳纤维损伤抑制研究

采用放电等离子烧结和热压烧结制备了短切碳纤维(Csf)增韧ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷复合材料(ZrB2-SiC-Csf),研究了制备工艺对ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料微结构演变、力学性能和抗热冲击性能的影响.结果表明:烧结温度是导致碳纤维结构损伤的主要因素,降低烧结温度能有效抑制碳纤维的结构损伤.采用纳米ZrB2粉体在1450 ℃低温热压烧结制备的ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料在断裂过程中表现出纤维拔出、纤维侨联和裂纹偏转增韧机制,其临界热冲击温差高达741 ℃,表现出良好的力学性能和优异的抗热冲击性能.从热力学的角度阐明了ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料中碳纤维结构损伤的机理,并揭示了该类材料的烧结温度应低于1500 ℃.     

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization via Chiral Transient Directing Group Strategies

Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of C−H bond, the most abundant functionality in organic molecules, has emerged as an expedient synthetic approach to streamline the synthesis of complex chiral molecules. Despite significant progress, traditional directing group-enabled strategies require additional steps for the installation and removal of directing groups from the target molecule. The recently developed asymmetric C−H functionalization using chiral transient directing groups (cTDGs) offers a promising alternative that can circumvent this obstacle and therefore simplify the process. In this Minireview, we briefly discuss the advent and recent advances of this emerging concept, with an emphasis on discussing the creation of various stereogenic centers and the developments of cTDGs. Applications in natural product synthesis and ligand derivatizations are also discussed. We hope this Minireview will highlight the great potential of this strategy and help to inspire further endeavors.     

浸渍吸附法制备Ag-SiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的条件优化

运用浸渍吸附法制备了纳米级单分散Ag-SiO2无机复合抗菌材料,结合响应曲面方法,考察了Ag+浓度、反应时间和氨水添加量等因素对材料抗菌率的影响,考虑到材料制备成本,变色控制等多方面因素,选取了最优制备条件,实验结果表明:Ag+浓度为5.9×10-4 mol·L-1,氨水添加量为4.1 mL,反应时间为5.2 h时,材料有最佳的经济效益和抗菌性能,抗菌率达到91.7;.通过TEM、XRD、ICP和BET方法对材料的结构进行表征,结果表明:载体SiO2微球为无定形态;Ag-SiO2抗菌材料微球具有良好的分散性和稳定性,粒径尺寸均匀;Ag+成功负载于SiO2微球表面,负载量为8.10 mg·kg-1.     

Divergent 2-Chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one Rearrangement: Twisted-Cyclic Guanidine Formation or Ring-Fused N-Acylguanidines via a Domino Process

A highly efficient 2-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one rearrangement was developed that predictably generates either twisted-cyclic or ring-fused guanidines in a single operation, depending on the presence of a primary versus secondary amine in the accompanying diamine reagent. Exclusive formation of twisted-cyclic guanidines results from pairing 2-chloroquinazolinones with secondary diamines. Use of primary amine-containing diamines permits a domino quinazolinone rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization, gated through (E)-twisted-cyclic guanidines, to afford ring-fused N-acylguanidines. This scalable, structurally tolerant transformation generated 55 guanidines and delivered twisted-cyclic guanidines with robust plasma stability and an abbreviated total synthesis of an antitumor ring-fused guanidine (4 steps, 55 % yield).     

Ni、Mo共掺杂对SnO2材料性能影响的仿真研究

针对AgSnO₂触头材料存在的不足,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对SnO₂、Ni单掺杂、Mo单掺杂以及Ni-Mo共掺杂SnO₂材料进行了电性能与力学性质的研究,计算了各体系的形成能、能带结构、态密度、弹性常数等各项参数。结果表明,掺杂后的材料可以稳定存在,且仍为直接带隙半导体材料。与未掺杂相比,掺杂后体系的能带结构带隙值减少,其中Ni-Mo共掺杂时的带隙值最小,载流子跃迁所需能量减少,极大地改善了SnO₂的电性能;由弹性常数计算了剪切模量、体积模量、硬度等参数,其中Ni-Mo共掺杂时的硬度大幅降低,韧性增强,有利于AgSnO₂触头材料后续加工成型,且其普适弹性各向异性指数最小,不易形成裂纹。综合各项因素,Ni-Mo共掺杂能够很好地改善SnO₂的性能,为触头材料的发展提供了理论指导。     

Y3+/Li+和Y3+/Na+双掺杂氟化钡快响应闪烁晶体

氟化钡(BaF₂)晶体是已知响应最快的闪烁晶体,在高能物理、核物理及核医学等领域有着广泛的应用前景。抑制BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分对其工程应用至关重要。本文利用坩埚下降法制备了高Y³⁺掺杂浓度5%、8%、10%(摩尔分数)的BaF₂晶体,并采用Y³⁺与碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺)共掺杂的方法形成电荷补偿阻止间隙F^-的产生,制备了双掺杂型BaF₂快响应闪烁晶体,进而基于优化的5 ns和2 500 ns时间门宽测试方法,研究了Y³⁺掺杂浓度以及Y³⁺与碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺)共掺杂浓度对BaF₂闪烁晶体快/慢成分比的影响规律。结果表明,生长的高浓度Y³⁺掺杂BaF₂晶体的光学质量优异,在220 nm和300 nm处透过率分别高于90%和92%;随着Y³⁺掺杂浓度由0提高至10%,BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分显著降低,快/慢成分比由0.15提高至1.21;生长的Y³⁺/Li⁺及Y³⁺/Na⁺共掺杂BaF₂晶体的慢发光成分较Y³⁺掺杂BaF₂晶体进一步降低,快/慢成分比最高分别可达1.63和1.61。研制的双掺杂BaF₂快响应闪烁晶体有望应用于高能物理、核物理前沿实验等重要领域。     

三元层状MAX相固溶体研究进展

MAX相是一类具有层状结构的三元碳化物或(和)氮化物,M是过渡金属元素,A主要是ⅢA~ⅤA族元素,X是C或N元素。这类化合物兼具陶瓷材料和金属材料的特点,具有优异的导电、导热、耐腐蚀以及抗氧化等性能,在诸多领域具有潜在应用价值。近年来,新元素、新结构和固溶体MAX相的不断出现,进一步扩展了MAX相家族。固溶体MAX相是将合适的元素固溶到已知MAX相中而得到的新MAX相。本文分四类总结了127种MAX相固溶体,对其结构改变和性能调控进行了概括,并指出目前研究存在的理论问题和亟须解决的关键技术,最后对MAX相固溶体的发展进行了预测和展望。     

变刚度层叠梁的力学性能研究

为满足不同场景下的功能需求，变刚度结构得到越来越广泛的应用．以机器人手臂为例，在执行操作时，需要其手臂的结构刚度足够大，避免出现过大的扭曲和变形，而在与人交互时，又需要其结构足够柔软，以保证在此过程中与人交互的安全性．该类变刚度结构可根据需求通过外部激励在柔性和刚性状态之间自由切换．在该文章中，研究分析了层叠梁结构，通过理论推导和数值模拟，对其力学性能做出了很好的预测，同时为此类结构的研究提供了有效可靠的思路和方法．     

基于不确定控制理论的最优策略研究

本文在不确定理论的框架下,研究一类带背景状态变量的最优控制模型.在乐观值准则下,利用不确定动态规划的方法,证明了不确定最优性原则,得到最优性方程.作为应用,求解一个固定缴费(DC)型养老金的最优投资策略问题,在乐观值准则下,以工资变量为背景状态变量,建立养老金模型.通过求解不确定最优性方程得到最优投资策略和最优支付率.     

Dye Sensitization Offers a Brighter Afterglow Nanoparticle Future for in vivo Recharged Luminescent Imaging

While concerns about improving recharged afterglow intensity in vivo still motivate further exploration, afterglow nanoparticles (AGNP) offer unique optical merit for autofluorescence-free biological imaging. Apart from efforts enhancing the afterglow emission properties of AGNP, improving afterglow excitation response to visible or near infrared light is important but has lacked success. Dye sensitization has been used to improve the optical response of photovoltaic nanomaterials and to enhance upconversion luminescence efficiency. This concept has recently been expanded and applied to AGNPs. As a new multifunctional nanoprobe, such dye-sensitized AGNP takes advantage of both high spatial resolution fluorescence imaging and sensitive afterglow imaging. This Concept introduces the background, the concept, mechanism, and related imaging application, as well as reviewing existing challenges and proposing future developmental directions for the dye-sensitized AGNPs.